Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
4,178 listings
Showing Nationwide results. Enter your
for local results.
  • $13,750
    great price
    $3,243 below market
    • 57,317 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Alpha Motorsports Manassas (Manassas, VA)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Manassas, VA / 1,364 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    ** CLEAN CARFAX HISTORY WITH EXCELLENT SERVICE HISTORY / LOCAL TRAE-IN / A MUST SEE ** OVER 30,000 VEHICLES SOLD, TWO LOCATION TO SERVE YOU, 400+ VEH...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3Z34G4A50093
    Stock: C50093
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $7,500
    great price
    $3,563 below market
    • 125,841 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Salvage Reseller (Coconut Creek, FL)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Coconut Creek, FL / 1,143 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    This vehicle is located at Riverview, FL Copart yard. All purchases must take place online at www.salvagereseller.com. Visit our website to learn more...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3C3XGP884891
    Stock: 63232625
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 02-07-2025

  • Price Drop
    $12,688
    good price
    $1,200 below market
    • 90,151 miles
    • No accidents, 5 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Gojo Auto (Denver, CO)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Denver, CO / 792 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    2016 BMW X1 xDrive28i - Sporty, Sophisticated, and All-Wheel DrivePrice: $12,989Mileage: 90,151 milesEngine: Turbocharged 2.0L 4-CylinderTransmission:...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3C33G5E53873
    Stock: 3643G
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $13,597
    fair price
    $596 below market
    • 83,321 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Larry H. Miller Casa Chrysler Jeep (Albuquerque, NM)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Albuquerque, NM / 616 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    This 2016 Glacier Silver Metallic BMW X1 xDrive28i AWD is well equipped and includes these features and benefits: 3.15 Axle Ratio, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3C38GP884503
    Stock: QCJ250126B
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-12-2025

  • New Listing
    $14,497
    good price
    $1,279 below market
    • 71,793 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • BMW of Rockland (Rockland, MA)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Rockland, MA / 1,771 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    WAS $15,771, EPA 32 MPG Hwy/22 MPG City! xDrive28i trim. ONLY 71,793 Miles! Dual Zone A/C, Keyless Start, Onboard Communications System, CD Player, Po...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3C34GP884935
    Stock: GP884935
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-31-2025

  • $10,950
    good price
    $1,947 below market
    • 85,803 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Woodbridge Public Auto Auction (Woodbridge, VA)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Woodbridge, VA / 1,372 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    LOADED WITH VALUE! Comes equipped with: Air Conditioning, Bluetooth. This BMW X1 also includes Power Driver's Seat, Clock, Climate Control, Power Pass...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3C38GP885120
    Stock: 143051
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-12-2025

  • $13,999
    good price
    $1,276 below market
    • 73,964 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Space Auto Group (Los Angeles, CA)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Los Angeles, CA / 1,204 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    THIS INTERNET PRICE IS VEHICLE CASH PRICE.PRICES DO NOT INCLUDE GOVERNMENT FEES OR TAXES, ANY FINANCE CHARGES, ANY DEALER DOCUMENT PROCESSING CHARGES,...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3C32G5F65578
    Stock: F65578
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $10,995
    fair price
    $6 below market
    • 104,032 miles
    • No accidents, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Driveway (In-stock online)
    • Delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Boise, ID / 1,382 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    CarFax No Accidents Reported,High Demand,Rare Find,Bluetooth,Brake Assist,Keyless Start,Turbo/Supercharged,4 Cylinder Engine,4-Wheel Disc Brakes,8-Spe...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3C31GP889493
    Stock: 1389P
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $11,990
    fair price
    $855 below market
    • 101,016 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Zoom Auto Sales (Midvale, UT)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Midvale, UT / 1,075 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    CLEAN TITLE!Fantastic Service Record101,000 MilesCold Weather PackagePremium PackageHeated SeatsxLine TrimPanorama RoofDynamic Cruise ControlKeyless E...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3C39GP881478
    Stock: Z1295
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $12,250
    good price
    $1,696 below market
    • 83,040 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Angeles Auto Alliance (Reseda, CA)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Reseda, CA / 1,214 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    Step into the world of luxury and performance with the 2016 BMW X1 xDrive28i, a masterpiece that perfectly blends style, power, and practicality. With...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3Z33G4A47704
    Stock: A-47704
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $11,835
    fair price
    $781 below market
    • 95,050 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Ed Napleton's Kia Of Elmhurst (Elmhurst, IL)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Elmhurst, IL / 1,045 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    Recent Arrival! Black Sapphire Metallic 2016 BMW X1 4D Sport Utility xDrive28i 2.0L 4-Cylinder DOHC 16V TwinPower Turbo AWD.Heated Front Seats, Heated...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3C33G5E55400
    Stock: A25517A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-16-2025

  • $12,995
    fair price
    $542 above market
    • 82,472 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • M and B Auto Group (Bealeton, VA)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Bealeton, VA / 1,343 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    2016 BMW X1 ALL WHEEL DRIVE with powerful 2.0L TWINPOWER TURBO 4-CYLINDER 16V DOHC engine and driven 82472 miles!CARFAX CERTIFIED**FINANCING AVAILABL...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3C35GP888105
    Stock: mda5204
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $12,577
    fair price
    $143 below market
    • 105,095 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Zia Auto Wholesalers (Albuquerque, NM)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Albuquerque, NM / 609 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    Roomy and refined, our 2016 BMW X1 xDrive28i looks amazing in Alpine White! Powered by a TurboCharged 2.0 Liter 4 Cylinder that offers 228hp paired wi...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3C39GP889967
    Stock: 45159
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    • 72,165 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use only
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Phoenix, AZ / 842 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3Z30G4A51791
    Stock: 2003742361
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-23-2025

  • New Listing
    $15,998
    fair price
    $678 above market
    • 73,509 miles
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Herb Chambers BMW of Sudbury (Sudbury, MA)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Sudbury, MA / 1,752 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    INSPECTION COMPLETED Every Herb Chambers Certified pre-owned vehicle receives a complete multi-point inspection by factory trained technicians who ins...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3C35G5E48075
    Stock: L33972A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-03-2025

  • New Listing
    $13,997
    fair price
    $1,019 below market
    • 78,738 miles
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Driver's Mart (Winter Park, FL)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Winter Park, FL / 1,044 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    This 2016 BMW X1 xDrive28i, has a Alpine White exterior and an Canberra Beige interior color. 78738 miles. Stock Number G4A48516. You can conn...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3Z37G4A48516
    Stock: G4A48516
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-26-2025

  • New Listing
    $17,990
    fair price
    $608 above market
    • 53,710 miles
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Delivery available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Salt Lake City, UT / 1,080 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3C3XGP886690
    Stock: 2003824326
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 06-21-2025

  • New Listing
    • 67,402 miles
    • Frame damage reported, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Salvage Reseller North (Marlboro, NY)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Marlboro, NY / 1,609 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    This vehicle is located at Brookhaven, NY Copart yard. All purchases must take place online at www.salvagereseller.com. Visit our website to learn mor...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: Yes

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3Z32G4A48925
    Stock: 60602605
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 07-02-2025

  • New Listing
    • 71,974 miles
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Richmond, TX / 172 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary Unavailable.

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3C38GP886915
    Stock: 27293054
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $11,497
    fair price
    $834 below market
    • 107,641 miles
    • 2 accidents, 3 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • Magnetism Motors (Lawrenceville, GA)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Lawrenceville, GA / 907 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    This 2016 BMW X1 4dr xDrive28i features a 2.0L 4 CYLINDER 4cyl Gasoline engine. It is equipped with a 8 Speed Automatic transmission. The vehicle is J...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3Z35G4A51964
    Stock: G4A51964
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 05-26-2025

  • New Listing
    • 39,453 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 5 Seats, 22 City / 32 Hwy MPG
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Canoga Park, CA / 1,218 miles away from San Antonio, TX

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/32 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBXHT3C30G5F66826
    Stock: 27405220
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

Showing 1 - 21 out of 4,178 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW X1

Read recent reviews for the BMW X1
Overall Consumer Rating
4.2 out of 5 stars41 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 41 reviews
  • 5 star
    (63%)
  • 4 star
    (12%)
  • 3 star
    (15%)
  • 2 star
    (2%)
  • 1 star
    (7%)
5 out of 5 stars

WOW!! What a car!!

doublej1013@gmail.com, 11/04/2016
2016 BMW X1 xDrive28i 4dr SUV AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A)
I am a TDI victim and found this gem at the local dealer. Its the greatest car I've ever owned. Its the perfect size, not to big, but big enough. The creature comforts are unbelievable. The handling, acceleration and seats are all fantastic. The other car companies must pay people to write bad reviews. Please at least go and test drive one and you will be amazed. The lighting at night is … really neat. Also, BMW rebuilds their cars on the inside, not some new plastic molding like other car companies. Get it! Enjoy it! I just wanted to let people know. I've never written a review before... yeah I like it that much.
Report abuse

FAQ

What is a good price for a used 2016 BMW X1?

According to Edmunds.com's True Market Value calculations, the retail price of a used 2016 BMW X1's most popular trim, the xDrive28i, in great condition with 84,000 miles on its odometer, is $18,982. Prices vary by trim, region and options included.

What type of engine does the 2016 BMW X1 come with?

The 2016 BMW X1 comes with a turbocharged, 2.0-liter inline four-cylinder engine rated at 228 horsepower and 258 pound-feet of torque.
Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radiusNationwide
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.