Skip to main content
Skip to Filters
907 listings
  • $21,990
    great price
    $7,836 below market
    • 14,969 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Fields BMW Northfield (17 mi away)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Northfield, IL / 17 miles away from Chicago, IL

    Introducing the 2016 BMW 328i! From front to rear, this model exhibits grace and agility. A turbocharger further enhances performance, while also pres...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E3G52GNT79780
    Stock: 52547A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-18-2025

    • 109,312 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Car City (28 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Palatine, IL / 28 miles away from Chicago, IL

    CLEAN CARFAX!!! FULLY LOADED!!! LOW MILES!!! SPORT PACKAGE!!! PREMIUM & WINTER PACKAGE'S!!! AWD, LOOKS AND DRIVES GREAT, NICE COLOR COMBINATION, ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E3C56GK500558
    Stock: 6070
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $18,000
    good price
    $6,488 below market
    • 49,260 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Lexus of Highland Park (25 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    Close

    Located in Highland Park, IL / 25 miles away from Chicago, IL

    If you're in the market for a sleek, well-maintained luxury vehicle with low miles and exceptional features, look no further than this 2015 BMW 3 Seri...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3B3C57FF546927
    Stock: 250453A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-19-2025

    • 75,027 miles
    • 3 accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Hillside (Eisenhower Expy) (14 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Hillside, IL / 14 miles away from Chicago, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: Yes

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E9G50GNT43654
    Stock: 26856930
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $12,000
    fair price
    $613 below market
    • 91,259 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Thomas Kia of Highland (26 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Highland, IN / 26 miles away from Chicago, IL

    Dealer Maintained and Serviced, Huge Moonroof......, Clean Non-Smoker, Back-Up Camera, Blue-Tooth/Hands-free, Warm Heated Seats, Alloy wheels, Anthrac...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/35 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3A5C57FF609099
    Stock: A25668A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

  • New Listing
    $19,991
    good price
    $1,340 below market
    • 38,039 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Audi Exchange St. Charles (37 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in St Charles, IL / 37 miles away from Chicago, IL

    Window Grid Diversity Antenna, Wheels: 17 x 7.5 Lt Alloy Double-Spoke (Style 392), Wheels w/Silver Accents, Valet Function, Trunk Rear Cargo Access, T...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8D9G56HNU58585
    Stock: SCP0962
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-10-2025

  • Stock photo**
    $16,990
    fair price
    $2,034 below market
    • 53,043 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Gillespie Ford (40 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Gurnee, IL / 40 miles away from Chicago, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3B3G58FNR87403
    Stock: 240685A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-19-2025

  • New Listing
    $16,998
    fair price
    $56 below market
    • 78,265 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Merrillville (33 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Merrillville, IN / 33 miles away from Chicago, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3B3C5XFF547487
    Stock: 26648566
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • Price Drop
    $16,000
    fair price
    $41 above market
    • 79,917 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • BMW of Orland Park (24 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Orland Park, IL / 24 miles away from Chicago, IL

    2017 BMW 3 Series 330i xDrive DRIVER ASSISTANCE PACKAGE, FOLD REAR SEATS, HEATED FRONT SEATS, HEATED REAR SEATS, HEATED STEERING WHEEL, LOCAL TRADE, N...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8D9G34HNU66439
    Stock: BF5612A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

  • Price Drop
    $14,490
    fair price
    $8 below market
    • 54,174 miles
    • 2 accidents, 2 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • AutoNation Toyota Libertyville (31 mi away)
    • Home delivery*Five Star Dealer
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Power Driver Seat
    Close

    Located in Libertyville, IL / 31 miles away from Chicago, IL

    Glacier Silver MetallicKeyless StartBlack; Sensatec Leatherette UpholsteryThis vehicle includes a Money-Back Guarantee* and passed our precise in...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E5G33HNU44440
    Stock: HNU44440
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

  • $18,998
    fair price
    $1,054 above market
    • 62,957 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Oak Lawn (14 mi away)
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Oak Lawn, IL / 14 miles away from Chicago, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8B9G39HNU53207
    Stock: 27212472
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $24,749
    fair price
    $595 above market
    • 54,733 miles
    • 1 accident, 1 owner, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Autos of Chicago (23 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    Close

    Located in Arlington Heights, IL / 23 miles away from Chicago, IL

    Built to exceed your expectations with performance, practicality, and fun, our 2017 BMW 3 Series 330i xDrive Sports Wagon in Jet Black! Powered by Tur...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (23 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8K3C33HA022548
    Stock: 3653
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 12-23-2024

    • 41,491 miles
    • Issue reported, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Perillo BMW (1 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    • Multi-Zone Climate C...
    Close

    Located in Chicago, IL / 1 miles away from Chicago, IL

    Moonroof,Heated Front Seats,Lights Package

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Issue reported

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E5G32HNU44607
    Stock: P27071A
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-06-2025

    • 72,838 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • DriveTime of South Chicago (18 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • Parking sensors
    Close

    Located in Midlothian, IL / 18 miles away from Chicago, IL

    Shop at DriveTime: Get started on your personalized car-buying journey today. With no credit impact, you can get approved for your real, personalized ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    27 Combined MPG (23 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8B9G32HNU56157
    Stock: 1670041958
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 04-16-2025

    • 72,110 miles
    • 1 accident, 4 owners, corporate fleet vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Naperville (30 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Leather Seats
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Naperville, IL / 30 miles away from Chicago, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3B5C53FF960444
    Stock: 27212650
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

    • 77,504 miles
    • 1 accident, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax Kenosha (49 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Kenosha, WI / 49 miles away from Chicago, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3B5G59FNS16086
    Stock: 26943738
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • New Listing
    $20,998
    fair price
    $1,225 below market
    • 41,619 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • CarMax (In-stock online)
    • Transfer available from OH to IL*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Columbus, OH / 267 miles away from Chicago, IL

    CarMax values transparency and wants you to love your next car, not settle on it. Certain vehicles may have unrepaired safety recalls. Check nhtsa.gov...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E3G51GNU00344
    Stock: 27326270
    Certified Pre-Owned: No

  • $11,995
    great price
    $1,538 below market
    • 157,380 miles
    • No accidents, 2 owners, personal use only
    • 6cyl automatic
    • Lake Motor Group (28 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    • Upgraded Headlights
    Close

    Located in Griffith, IN / 28 miles away from Chicago, IL

    Runs and drives excellentPowerful, tunable and reliable B58 engine - one of the best engines BMW ever made!Clean title, never been in any accidentsFro...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8B7C56GK703577
    Stock: 703577
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 01-15-2025

  • $11,295
    good price
    $1,624 below market
    • 87,799 miles
    • 1 accident, 2 owners, rental vehicle
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Guaranteed Motor Cars - Lake Villa (43 mi away)
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Lake Villa, IL / 43 miles away from Chicago, IL

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: No

    Personal Use Only: No

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/33 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA3B3C51EJ977825
    Stock: LV280
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-14-2025

  • $8,995
    good price
    $1,283 below market
    • 127,285 miles
    • No accidents, 3 owners, personal use
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Nexton Motors (17 mi away)
    • Back-up camera
    • Bluetooth
    • Navigation
    • Sunroof/Moonroof
    • Keyless Entry/Start
    Close

    Located in Elmhurst, IL / 17 miles away from Chicago, IL

    Nexton Motors is selling a 2016 BMW 328i Sedan. Excellent condition vehicle that was acquired with 127,285 original miles. The exterior color of the v...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E9C5XGK603503
    Stock: 3414
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 09-21-2024

  • Price Drop
    $19,990
    good price
    $2,726 below market
    • 35,553 miles
    • No accidents, 1 owner, personal use only
    • 4cyl automatic
    • Carvana (In-stock online)
    • Home delivery*
    • AWD/4WD
    • Bluetooth
    • Power Driver Seat
    • Tire Pressure Warnin...
    • USB Inputs
    Close

    Located in Richmond, VA / 606 miles away from Chicago, IL

    At Carvana, we go miles beyond the extra mile. That's why we provide you with a convenient, fast, and hassle-free car buying experience that puts you ...

    AutoCheck Vehicle History Summary

    Accident Free Vehicle: Yes

    Personal Use Only: Yes

    History Provider: AutoCheck

    Title Details: Clean Title

    Salvage Vehicle: No

    Frame Damage: No

    Theft History: No

    Lemon Status: No

    Free History Report: No

    Features and Specs:

    26 Combined MPG (22 City/34 Highway)

    Listing Information:

    VIN: WBA8E3G56GNU05815
    Stock: 2003587608
    Certified Pre-Owned: No
    Listed since: 03-31-2025

Showing 1 - 21 out of 907 listings

Consumer Reviews for the BMW 3 Series

Read recent reviews for the BMW 3 Series
Overall Consumer Rating
4.4 out of 5 stars46 Reviews
Write a vehicle reviewSee all 46 reviews
  • 5 star
    (63%)
  • 4 star
    (24%)
  • 3 star
    (4%)
  • 2 star
    (7%)
  • 1 star
    (2%)
5 out of 5 stars

BMW figured it out

muguy83, 06/18/2016
2016 BMW 3 Series 328i xDrive SULEV 4dr Sedan AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A)
For 2016, BMW has really improved the 3 series, particularly the 328i model. I was very impressed with the handling, and interior upgrades that make the car feel more expensive and more like a true BMW again. The steering still has an artificial feel, but it is very precise and they have fixed the handling issues of the early models of this generation. The car feels well composed and … can take just about anything you throw at it. Acceleration is terrific, and I found braking response to be just okay. The Harmon Kardon stereo sounds great, and I wish it was standard as it is in the 340 - would definitely recommend it. LED lighting package is well worth the money as it looks great with LEDs all around including turn signals front and rear. Safety ratings are superb with five stars, and lots of available safety enhancing technology. I hesitated for years to trade my 2011 3 series in for one of the new models, but I feel great about getting this 2016 328i x drive, as BMW has finally figured out what we wanted. This car is fantastic.
Report abuse

Used 2016 BMW 3 Series in Chicago, IL Values

Estimated values
2016 BMW 3 Series 328i xDrive SULEV 4dr Sedan AWD (2.0L 4cyl Turbo 8A) with no options
ConditionTrade-InPrivate PartyDealer Retail
Outstanding$10,268$13,609$15,973
Clean$9,903$13,103$15,352
Average$9,294$12,258$14,318
Rough$8,502$11,161$12,973

The average list price of a used 2016 BMW 3 Series in Chicago, Illinois is $16,893. The average mileage on a used BMW 3 Series 2016 for sale in Chicago, Illinois is 70,216. Based on the average mileage of 70,216 for used 2016 BMW 3 Series for sale in Chicago, IL and using an average vehicle condition rating, which means the vehicle may have a few mechanical and/or cosmetic problems and may require a considerable amount of reconditioning, we appraise the average trade-in value of a used BMW 3 Series 2016 in Chicago, Illinois to be $9,294.

Filters
Skip to Results

Applied Filters4Active

Select Buying Experience

Location

Search radius100 miles
Search radius

Make & Model

Year

New / Used

Price & Payments

Price Rating

Body Type

Trim

Mileage

Accidents & History

EV Details

Engine & Drivetrain

Exterior Color

Interior Color

Total Seating

Edmunds Review

Features

Options & Packages

MPG

Listing Details


* Delivery of any kind does not apply to Alaska and Hawaii. Contact the dealer for delivery details, restrictions and costs.